The Department of Neurology at Renji Hospital, affiliated with Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of Medicine, was founded in 1952 by Professor Zhou Xiaoda, a renowned neurologist in China. It is one of the earliest large-scale comprehensive hospitals to establish a neurology department in Shanghai and even nationwide and is widely recognized as one of the birthplaces of neurology in Shanghai and China. Since the 1950s, it has been one of the first in the country to conduct EEG examinations and provide treatment for neurodegenerative diseases, nervous system infections, cerebrovascular diseases, and craniocerebral trauma. The Department of Neurology at Renji Hospital comprises three campuses: East, West, and South, as well as multiple medical consortium branches including Baoshan Branch, Ningbo Hangzhou Bay Branch, Jiading Branch, Pudong Punan Branch, and Nantong Branch. With over 300 beds, it is equipped with a stroke unit, DSA operating room, carotid, and cerebral vascular ultrasound, neuroelectrophysiology lab, neuropsychology room, neuroscience laboratory, and an independent emergency department for neurology and a green channel for stroke treatment. Annually, it treats many critical and severe patients with conditions such as stroke, encephalitis, myelitis, and status epilepticus, with an annual outpatient and emergency volume exceeding 250,000, ranking among the top hospitals of its level in Shanghai.

The Department of Neurology is a founding member of the Functional Neurological Disorders Diagnosis and Treatment Alliance, one of the first Stroke Treatment Centers in Shanghai and a member of the China Stroke Alliance Stroke Center, the Shanghai Stroke Clinical Treatment Center, one of the first National Comprehensive Epilepsy Centers, a sub-center for National Neuroimmune and Infectious Disease Research, a National Standardized Diagnosis and Treatment Center for Peripheral Neuropathy, a National Clinical Pharmacology Base, and a National Resident Physician Standardized Training Base for Neurology. The discipline is subdivided into multiple sub-specialties, covering movement disorders, cognitive disorders, cerebrovascular diseases, neuroimmunology, neurogenetics, functional neurological disorders and rare complex diseases, epilepsy, sleep disorders, neuroelectrophysiology, neuromuscular diseases, and pathology. Leveraging the unique advantages of the discipline, it is committed to building a development model that integrates multiple disciplines. Through close collaboration, it has established multidisciplinary diagnosis and treatment (MDT) clinics for functional neurological disorders, MDT clinics for Parkinson's disease and widespread movement disorders, and MDT specialty clinics for cognitive disorders. Additionally, it has set up specialty clinics such as the joint diagnosis and treatment clinic for neuropathic pain, a specialty clinic for obesity-related cognitive disorders, and a specialty clinic for hepatolenticular degeneration, aiming to provide comprehensive and precise medical care for patients.

The Department of Neurology at Renji Hospital will continue to promote comprehensive discipline construction, focusing on establishing a clinical diagnosis and treatment center for common and difficult neurological diseases. By developing sub-specialties and key disease areas, leveraging the talent advantage of excellent young and middle-aged research-oriented physicians who are proficient in their fields and possess high medical ethics, and strengthening the construction of clinical diagnosis and treatment centers, scientific research platforms, and talent teams, it strives to ultimately build a domestically leading and internationally advanced clinical neuroscience diagnosis and treatment and research center that is fully equipped with specialties, distinct characteristics, a complete echelon, and balanced development in medical care, teaching, and research.