1.Male lower urinary tract symptoms (LUTS)

Refer to a group of symptoms related to the lower urinary tract. They may originate from the bladder, prostate, urethra and/or adjacent pelvic organs, or from anatomical structures innervated by similar nerves, mental and psychological factors. Central nervous system disorders such as cerebral arteriosclerosis and Parkinson's disease may also cause LUTS.

2.Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH)

Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia (BPH), also called prostate gland enlargement, is a non-cancerous increase in the size of the prostate gland, commonly occurring in aging men. It can compress the urethra, leading to urinary symptoms.The main symptoms include frequent urination, urgent urination, increased nocturia and urge incontinence, etc. Frequent urination is the earliest symptom, which is more obvious at night. It is characterized by an increase in the number of bowel movements at night, but the amount of urine each time is not large. As the disease progresses and the obstruction worsens, the detrusor muscle function of the bladder declines, the residual urine in the bladder increases, the effective capacity of the bladder decreases, and the interval between urinations becomes shorter.

3.Complications related to Benign Prostatic Hyperplasia

Overactive bladder (OAB) : Urge urinary incontinence associated with BPH.OAB is a symptom complex primarily dominated by urinary urgency with or without urge incontinence, usually associated with urinary frequency and nocturia in the absence of other pathology. In contrast, bladder outlet obstruction (BOO) customarily presents with weak or intermittent stream, hesitation, straining, and incomplete emptying.

BPH caused weakened or decompensated detrusor muscle contraction: leading to chronic urinary retention or upper urinary tract effects, bilateral ureteral dilation and hydronephrosis. A weakened or decompensated detrusor muscle refers to impaired contraction of the bladder's smooth muscle (detrusor), leading to inadequate bladder emptying (urinary retention) or reduced urinary flow.