Valve repair surgery: Laser therapy, primarily using CO₂ lasers, is a minimally invasive outpatient procedure for treating lower genital tract lesions (e.g., vulvar, vaginal, or cervical intraepithelial neoplasia, condylomas). The process begins with a colposcopic evaluation to map lesion boundaries, followed by local anesthesia (topical or injected) for patient comfort. The laser is calibrated to specific power (5–20W) and spot size (0.1–2mm) based on lesion depth and location. Under colposcopic guidance, the laser precisely excises it in focused mode, preserving healthy margins while continuous suction removes generated smoke. Postoperatively, patients are advised to maintain hygiene, manage discomfort with analgesics, and attend follow-up at 4–6 weeks to monitor healing and recurrence.

Advantages include high precision, minimal bleeding, and rapid recovery (4–8 weeks), with risks limited to transient pain, edema, or rare infection. The entire procedure typically takes 10–30 minutes, prioritizing tissue preservation and patient safety.