1. Non-Muscle Invasive Bladder Cancer (NMIBC)(Ta/T1/CIS)

Comprehensive management of low/high-risk lesions with transurethral resection, followed by intravesical chemotherapy or BCG immunotherapy. Molecular risk stratification based on EAU NMIBC risk classification.

2. Muscle-Invasive Bladder Cancer (MIBC)(T2-T4)

Multidisciplinary approach: neoadjuvant cisplatin-based chemotherapy (GC regimen) + robotic radical cystectomy with intracorporeal neobladder reconstruction. Bladder preservation protocols for selected T2N0M0 cases via maximal TURBT + chemoradiation.

3. Metastatic Bladder Cancer(N+/M1)

First-line PD-1 + enfortumab vedotin or GC regimen. Second-line sacituzumab govitecan (Trop-2 ADC) or Disitamab Vedotin (HER2-ADC).

Palliative care integration: urinary diversion techniques and palliative radiotherapy

4. Variant Histology

Neuroendocrine Bladder Carcinoma: Neoadjuvant Etoposide + Cisplatin + PD-L1 inhibitor plus Radical Cystectomy in trial.

Comprehensive management of squamous carcinoma, adenocarcinoma, sarcoma, etc., with multidisciplinary team