Uterine fibroids are benign neoplasms arising from hyperplastic proliferation of myometrial smooth muscle cells and represent the most common benign tumor of the female reproductive tract, with an incidence of up to 30%. Their development is closely associated with exposure to elevated estrogen levels, although the precise etiology remains unclear; contributory factors may include genetic susceptibility, fluctuations in sex steroid hormones, and dysfunction of uterine stem cell populations. Fibroids exceeding a critical size or situated at anatomically strategic locations within the uterus may give rise to:

（1）Menorrhagia and prolonged menstrual bleeding；

（2）Increased leukorrhea；

（3）Palpable abdominal mass；

（4）Compression symptoms such as urinary frequency, urinary urgency, and constipation；

（5）Infertility；

（6）Acute abdominal pain secondary to degeneration or torsion (in a minority of cases)。

Indications for surgical intervention include multiple fibroids, large fibroids causing distortion of uterine morphology, symptomatic menorrhagia, compressive effects, pain, or infertility. The standard of care is trans-umbilical single-port laparoscopic myomectomy: through a single, cosmetically optimized “keyhole” incision, fibroids are excised in accordance with oncological safety (“no-tumor” principle) and the myometrial defect is meticulously sutured, enabling rapid postoperative recovery and significantly benefiting female patients.